Leveraging the ammonia industry for solar energy storage aicheaiche

Can hybrid solar photovoltaic and green ammonia reduce the levelized cost of electricity?

CC-BY 4.0 . Hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind generation in combination with green ammonia as a seasonal energy storage vector offers an excellent opportunity to decrease the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In this work, an analysis is performed to find the most cost-effective configuration of power-to-ammonia-to-power (P2A2P).

Does solar power increase ammonia demand?

At higher levels of solar, however, the ammonia demand will either reduce or increase to a lesser extent depending upon the design capacity. Furthermore, an optimum between the cost of energy storage and the cost of energy generation was found at a design capacity of 30%.

Will solar power increase ammonia production in winter?

At low levels of solar in the grid, while adding more solar capacity, larger energy shortages will be present in the winter months as a result of the more cyclic behavior of solar energy compared to wind energy, and thus, a larger overall ammonia production is required to compensate for this change.

What is a roadmap to the Ammonia economy?

MacFarlane et al., A Roadmap to the Ammonia Economy, Joule, 2020 Area: Small- to medium-scale synthesis of energy-dense carbon-neutral liquid fuels using water, air, and renewable energy source. Impact: Develop technologies to produce fuels at cost <$0.13/kWh to enable long term energy storage.

How safe is industrial ammonia synthesis?

The long history of industrial ammonia synthesis (+100 years) has led to well-established and safe protocols for production, storage, and transportation, facilitating its large-scale deployment as an energy carrier.

Is ammonia synthesis better suited to intermittent renewables?

Thus, this article also provides a survey of sustainable ammonia production projects and outlines potential advances in process design and operations to make ammonia synthesis better suited to intermittent renewables. Finally, the broader challenges and potential solutions for widespread implementation of ammonia energy systems are discussed...