Lead-free energy storage ceramics enterprise

Which lead-free bulk ceramics are suitable for electrical energy storage applications?

Here, we present an overview on the current state-of-the-art lead-free bulk ceramics for electrical energy storage applications, including SrTiO 3, CaTiO 3, BaTiO 3, (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3, (K 0.5 Na 0.5)NbO 3, BiFeO 3, AgNbO 3 and NaNbO 3 -based ceramics.

Does lead-free bulk ceramics have ultrahigh energy storage density?

Significantly, the ultrahigh comprehensive performance (Wrec ~10.06 J cm −3 with η ~90.8%) is realized in lead-free bulk ceramics, showing that the bottleneck of ultrahigh energy storage density (Wrec ≥ 10 J cm −3) with ultrahigh efficiency (η ≥ 90%) simultaneously in lead-free bulk ceramics has been broken through.

What are the energy storage properties of BNT-based lead-free ceramics?

The energy storage properties of BNT-based lead-free ceramics are summarized in Table 3. Table 3. Energy storage performance of reported BNT-based lead-free ceramics. Generally, BNT can form solid solutions with many perovskite structure dielectrics, such as BT, NaNbO 3, K 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3, K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3, and so on.

How to improve energy storage performance of lead-free ceramics?

To overcome the inverse correlation between polarization and breakdown strength and to improve the energy storage performance of these lead-free ceramics, strategies such as constructing relaxor features, decreasing grain and domain size, enhancing band gap, designing layered structures, and stabilizing the anti-ferroelectric phase were employed.

Are lead-free anti-ferroelectric ceramics suitable for energy storage applications?

At present, the development of lead-free anti-ferroelectric ceramics for energy storage applications is focused on the AgNbO 3 (AN) and NaNbO 3 (NN) systems. The energy storage properties of AN and NN-based lead-free ceramics in representative previous reports are summarized in Table 6.

Can lead-free MLCC be used for energy storage applications?

Currently, the electrodes of lead-free MLCC for energy storage applications are primarily composed of the noble metal of Pt, significantly increasing the cost of MLCC. In the case of AgNbO 3 -based lead-free anti-ferroelectric ceramics, these ceramics require sintering in an O 2 atmosphere during the fabrication process.