Iod phenomenon in energy storage batteries

Can iodine ion concentration increase battery energy density?

The above substances have a high solubility in low-corrosive neutral aqueous solutions, but the energy density of the battery cannot be infinitely increased by merely increasing the iodine ion concentration because of the zinc anode's limited area capacity and the iodine ions' low utilization rate.

How iodine is used in a battery?

For example, in flow batteries, the generated I 2 needs to be converted into a highly soluble I 3- to avoid the deposition of elemental iodine on the electrode surface and block the electrolyte transport pathway, but in static batteries, the positive electrodes generally have strong adsorption to confine iodine to avoid shuttle effect.

Are rechargeable iodine batteries reversible?

In contrast, rechargeable iodine batteries (RIBs) based on the conversion reaction of iodine stand out for high reversibility and satisfying voltage output characteristics no matter when dealing with both monovalent and multivalent ions. Foreseeable performance superiorities lead to an influx of considerable focus and thus a renaissance in RIBs.

Why is iodine a problem in battery cycling?

This design can effectively prevent the precipitation of hydroxides and oxides of zinc in the anolyte and the precipitation of iodine elements in the catholyte during cycling, which has proven to be one of the most troublesome factors that deteriorate battery cycling stability .

Are aqueous I2 batteries a viable energy storage system?

Aqueous I2-based batteries are a promising system for cost-effective and environmentally-friendly electricity storage. Here, the authors propose a high-capacity and long-lasting aqueous I2 battery system using an electrochemically active organic molecule at the negative electrode.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of zinc iodine battery?

The zinc–iodine battery has the advantages of high energy density and low cost owing to the flexible multivalence changes of iodine and natural abundance of zinc resources. Compared with the flow battery, it has simpler components and more convenient installation, yet it still faces challenges in practical applications.