Liquid chemical energy storage

Can ammonia and LOHC be used for long-term hydrogen storage?

Ammonia and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are two most promising candidates, which can be used for long-term hydrogen storage. However, if pure hydrogen is required, neither of them can be used directly and energy-intensive hydrogen extraction processes must be performed.

Are liquid chemical hydrides a good choice for hydrogen storage?

From the perspective of secure and efficient hydrogen storage, these liquid chemical hydrides are still the mainstream choice due to their high hydrogen capacity, long-term stability and nonflammability. Besides, the existing transport infrastructure is favourable for the conveyance of these liquid-phase hydrogen storage carrier.

Can liquid hydrogen be used as a primary means of hydrogen storage?

It is found that the key factor limiting the potential use of liquid hydrogen as a primary means of hydrogen storage and transmission is the very high energy penalty due to high energy consumption of hydrogen liquefaction (13.83 kWh/kgLH2on average) and high hydrogen boil-off losses that occurred during storage (1–5 vol% per day).

Is liquid hydrogen a cost effective hydrogen storage technology?

As discussed in Section 3.2, although liquid hydrogen as a hydrogen storage technology in the value chain has so far shown to be almost the least cost effective, there are important opportunities for the liquid hydrogen storage technology in the hydrogen economy.

Which liquid-phase hydrogen carriers are suitable for long-term storage and transmission?

In addition to liquid hydrogen, LOHCs and ammonia , as liquid-phase hydrogen carriers, are also two very promising candidates for the long-term and long-distance hydrogen storage and transmission.

How is hydrogen stored?

Currently, the established technique of hydrogen storage consists of three means: compression, cryogenics and material-based hydrogen storage. Though the massive energy density of hydrogen is higher than that of gasoline, its volumetric energy density is only 9.89 MJ•m -3 compared with 34600 MJ•m -3 of gasoline [ 8 ].