Pe curve calculation of energy storage density

How to calculate energy storage density?

5) Now, to calculate the energy storage density we need to calculate the area enclosed by y axis, upper part of P-E loop in 1st quadrant and the tangent drawn from the saturation polarization on the y axis (as my P-E loops are not saturated, i just draw a straight line on y axis from maximum polarization value) to represent the area.

How does the shape of a P-E loop affect energy storage density?

The shape of the P-E loop also affects the recoverable energy storage density ( W r e c) of the material. Similar to the scaling of A, the variation of l n W r e c with l n E 0 of NBT, KBT and NKBT are examined.

What is a potential energy curve?

The potential energy curve for the adsorption process is a representation of the variation of the energy (PE or E) of the system as a function of the distance (d d) of an adsorbate from a surface. Within this simple one-dimensional (1D) model, the only variable is the distance (d d) of the adsorbing molecule from the substrate surface.

How to calculate energy density based on mass m and volume V?

If needed, the energy and power density based on either mass m or volume v of the storage can be calculated, giving the gravimetric energy density e m and gravimetric power density p m as (2) e m = E m (3) p m = P m or the volumetric energy density e vol and volumetric power density p vol as (4) e vol = E v (5) p vol = P v.

How do you calculate energy density?

With (1) and (4) replacing the first four terms on the right in the energy theorem of (11.2.7), it is clear that the energy density W = We + Wm. The electric and magnetic energy densities have the geometric interpretations as areas on the graphs representing the constitutive laws in Fig. 11.4.1.

What causes a shallow minimum in a PE curve?

As illustrated below, these forces give rise to a shallow minimum in the PE curve at a relatively large distance from the surface (typically d> 0.3nm d> 0.3 n m) before the strong repulsive forces arising from electron density overlap cause a rapid increase in the total energy.