Solar-powered electrochemical energy storage an alternative to solar fuels

What is solar PV-E for hydrogen production?

Solar PV-E for hydrogen production converts fluctuating PV electricity to stable chemical energy, and provides a stable and time-shifted energy source to support the power grid and address practical energy demands. In addition, the products of water electrolysis (H2, O 2) are produced separately at the two electrodes of the electrolytic cell.

What are the benefits of solar energy?

Other benefits include a long operating lifetime, the lowest storage cost, good energy density, excellent restitution efficiency, storage longevity, global scope and the potential to close the carbon cycle, albeit with an intermediate round-trip efficiency of ~35% (ref. 2).

Can solar energy be converted into chemical fuels?

Considering its convenience and feasibility, converting solar energy into chemical fuels is regarded as a promising pathway for boosting energy diversity and expanding its utilisation.

Is solar energy a waste of energy?

Solar energy conversion into electricity is highly efficient and sustainable, but direct utilisation, storage, and poor energy diversity are difficult to achieve, resulting in a potential waste of resources.

What is the primary energy source for a spacecraft?

The primary energy source for a spacecraft, besides propulsion, is usually provided through solar or photovoltaic panels 7. When solar power is however intermittent, storage of energy is required in rechargeable batteries, operating in a harsh space environment which impacts their performances 8, 9.

Is solar energy a sustainable source of H2?

Such complementary conversion of solar PV electricity, solar thermal energy, and low-carbon fuel provides a synergistic and efficient means of sustainable H2 production with potentially long-term solar energy storage on a vast scale. 1. Introduction