Energy storage principle of tram atm

Why are trams with energy storage important?

Trams with energy storage are popular for their energy efficiency and reduced operational risk. An effective energy management strategy is optimized to enable a reasonable distribution of demand power among the storage elements, efficient use of energy as well as enhance the service life of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS).

Which energy storage system is best for a tram?

Battery energy storage system with good energy density and power density characteristics is currently the preferred choice for on-board energy storage system. Compared with the current popular pure electric vehicles, the pure battery-driven tram has higher demand for energy and power.

How does a tram work?

The tram mainly comprises the energy storage system, traction system, and auxiliary system, and the specific structure is shown in Fig. 1. As the sole power source of the tram, the battery pack can supply power to the traction system and absorb the regenerative braking energy during electric braking to recharge the energy storage system.

What are the different energy supplies for the catenary-free tram?

Schematic diagrams of different energy supplies for the catenary-free tram: (a) UC storage systems with fast-charging at each station (US-FC), (b) battery storage systems with slow-charging at starting and final stations (BS-SC) and (c) battery storage systems with fast-swapping at the swapping station (BS-FS).

What does a battery pack do on a tram?

As the sole power source of the tram, the battery pack can supply power to the traction system and absorb the regenerative braking energy during electric braking to recharge the energy storage system. The traction system mainly consists of the inverter, traction motor, gearbox, and axle.

How much energy does a MTS tram use?

In MTS trams, the Ni-MH battery features rated energy and power of 18 kWh and 85 kW, respectively, while the supercapacitors' rated power output is 288 kW. The total weight of the hybrid storage system is 1646 kg, resulting in specific energy and power of 11.45 Wh/kg and 226 W/kg, respectively.